Walking the Talk
It's likely that if you are bothering to peruse a periodical called Healthy Planet you consider yourself an environmentally minded citizen. The truth of the matter is that if you have not seriously reconsidered the matter of your own personal transportation and its consequential carbon footprint, then you are more talk than walk. But the good news is that you are the perfect candidate for my Ministry on Two Wheels (or feet or even public transportation, if you must).
The solution, or at least part of it, is called a bicycle. You probably have a couple wasting away in the garage. It's not as hard as you think. It will save you a ton of money and your body will thank you with amazing results. Start small. If a trip is less than a mile or so, I beg you, try riding. It's fast, fun and easy. If you are diligent about it, you may become a convert .
Look, if any of us has been awake or even half conscious, we know, via every possible news outlet, except of course Fox, that we are swimming in carbon emissions. The USA's love affair with the culprit internal combustion engine on four wheel MUST change. Many people seem to know this intellectually but I see very few of us actually doing anything about it. Is it because, god forbid, it puts us out of our comfort and convenience zone?
Having come here from eastern Idaho, I see St. Louis as a bastion of progressiveness. Hey, everything is relative you know. We have an extensive metropolitan public transportation system that includes light rail lines, some bike lanes and an educated, politically aware populous. Why aren't we taking full advantage?
Think you can't do it because of the kids? Think again. They are the generation that will be left cleaning up the mess their predecessors have made of the environment. The least we could do is point them in the right direction. We could open their eyes to a different way to live; one that is more attuned to human's relationship with the natural world. Besides, I can't think of an easier way to combat childhood obesity.
There is a need for a paradigm shift in the way we think about getting around town on a daily basis. At first a change will feel foreign and uncomfortable. Then it will feel empowering and healthy. Let the change begin with me.
BIO: Wendy Russell
Wendy and family are temporary residents of St Louis, returning for their 2nd academic school year. She has logged 1,350 miles of commuting on her bike since September and has given up her membership to Ballys. Her 7 yr old son is closing in on 600 miles. She maintains a blog on issues of sustainability at www.idahodirtbagtravel.blogspot.com
Showing posts with label sustainability. Show all posts
Showing posts with label sustainability. Show all posts
Tuesday, November 27, 2007
Thursday, October 18, 2007
On a Quest
I emailed out a nifty little link I had heard about on NPR whereby you answer lifestyle questions, in the format of a game, and find out how many earths it would take to support your lifestyle if everyone lived like you.http://sustainability.publicradio.org/consumerconsequences/ It is a test of one's "green-ness" and I flunked...big time. How the hell can that be? I obsess over recycling, not using my car except when necessary, reducing my consumptive habits, keeping the heat so low in winter my friends bring jackets to dinner, replacing w/ fluorescent light bulbs, air drying laundry...yet it is not enough. Needless to say I am now perseverating (thanks Emily) on how to better my "score". Everyone being equal, just how many earths will it take to support our collective fat ass in the lap of luxury to which I am so shamelessly accustomed? 3.5!!! You read right. Three point five earths.
So lets talk about this game (that has ruined my smug self perception) and how one is measured. My friend pointed out that the game is biased against people living in the country (or suburbs). I speculate that sustainability is biased against those living in the country or suburbs. When I was playing the game I had to decide which of my lives (I have two, you know) I was going to examine. At first I was cherry picking for the best results. Then I got honest. My life in Idaho is dismally unsustainable. It is darn near impossible to live without using my car, glass and most plastics are not recyclable, no public transport system, little moral support of like-minded individuals, nary an organic option at my local grocer of choice (Winco), big freaking house (4,200 sq/ft) and I could go on. There are two glaring green positives in Idaho Falls. Our electric power comes from hydro and wind and the shopping options, franchises and more franchises, are such that who would want to spend any money.
I have a sneaking suspicion that those impoverished, uneducated Americans, of which there is an abundance here in St Louis,(disproportionately African American, of course) who have likely never even contemplated the idea of sustainability, would score way better than I or any of my accordant allies. They live without the bells and whistles of a middle class life style because they have no other choice. I should strive to be more like them.
So where did I go wrong? 1. The air travel I do yearly, about 15 hrs, negates all my hard-earned miles on the bike. Solution: take Amtrak if possible. 2. I rarely drive here in MO, but in Idaho I am beholden to my car. Solution: car-pool on Teton trips, when possible. Check out the Greyhound situation. Just say no if it is under 5 miles and then hook up the Burley trailer to my bike. 3. Food. We eat out too often, eat too much meat, drink too much coffee and don't buy enough organic or locally produced. Solution: This is the category on which I am currently concentrating. I claim progress, not perfection. I will save it for another post.
So lets talk about this game (that has ruined my smug self perception) and how one is measured. My friend pointed out that the game is biased against people living in the country (or suburbs). I speculate that sustainability is biased against those living in the country or suburbs. When I was playing the game I had to decide which of my lives (I have two, you know) I was going to examine. At first I was cherry picking for the best results. Then I got honest. My life in Idaho is dismally unsustainable. It is darn near impossible to live without using my car, glass and most plastics are not recyclable, no public transport system, little moral support of like-minded individuals, nary an organic option at my local grocer of choice (Winco), big freaking house (4,200 sq/ft) and I could go on. There are two glaring green positives in Idaho Falls. Our electric power comes from hydro and wind and the shopping options, franchises and more franchises, are such that who would want to spend any money.
I have a sneaking suspicion that those impoverished, uneducated Americans, of which there is an abundance here in St Louis,(disproportionately African American, of course) who have likely never even contemplated the idea of sustainability, would score way better than I or any of my accordant allies. They live without the bells and whistles of a middle class life style because they have no other choice. I should strive to be more like them.
So where did I go wrong? 1. The air travel I do yearly, about 15 hrs, negates all my hard-earned miles on the bike. Solution: take Amtrak if possible. 2. I rarely drive here in MO, but in Idaho I am beholden to my car. Solution: car-pool on Teton trips, when possible. Check out the Greyhound situation. Just say no if it is under 5 miles and then hook up the Burley trailer to my bike. 3. Food. We eat out too often, eat too much meat, drink too much coffee and don't buy enough organic or locally produced. Solution: This is the category on which I am currently concentrating. I claim progress, not perfection. I will save it for another post.
Saturday, September 29, 2007
Shame on Yew, Dougie Few!
We are lucky enough to have a grocery store right behind our neighborhood. There are two ways we can arrive there from our house. Get in the car an go right on Yale Ave (0.30 mile), right on Delmar (0.33 mile) , right on Midland Blvd (0.43 mile), right on Vernon Ave and into the supermarket parking lot and locate a parking space (0.42 mile). ...for a total of 1.48 miles.
OR
We can get on our bikes (or walk) and take the path right next to our house (0.07 mile) to the neighborhood behind ours, take a right down Pennsylvania Ave (0.17 mile), cross Vernon Ave and arrive at the bike rack in front of of the supermarket (0.08 mile)....for a total of 0.32 mile
On Friday morning I realized I did not have enough change for train fare so Tony volunteered to go to the grocery store to get milk and money. A half gallon of milk cost about the same as the fee the bank charges us for not getting an account here in MO so we always get cash at the grocery store. Well he grabbed the keys and started to go so I volunteered to go on my bike (hint, hint) if he wanted to take over lunch-making duties. He declined.
Owen came downstairs and wanted to know where dad was and I told on him. "HE DROVE? That's stupid" Yeah, well.....
So when Tony returned I asked him if he felt dirty. Our car wouldn't have budged in over a week if it weren't for him. He looked sheepish and mumbled something about it seeming so cold outside and being a wimp. But then he came around and said it WAS stupid and that he did, in fact, feel dirty.
Now, if only the rest of America could be cowed so easily progress could be realized. It IS shameful to get in one's car to drive less than a mile. Everyone should feel it. This global warming thing ain't a hoax people. It's not some ploy of the liberal media to dupe you republicans just for kicks. If everyone changes their habits just a little it may start to make a difference. Please.
OR
We can get on our bikes (or walk) and take the path right next to our house (0.07 mile) to the neighborhood behind ours, take a right down Pennsylvania Ave (0.17 mile), cross Vernon Ave and arrive at the bike rack in front of of the supermarket (0.08 mile)....for a total of 0.32 mile
On Friday morning I realized I did not have enough change for train fare so Tony volunteered to go to the grocery store to get milk and money. A half gallon of milk cost about the same as the fee the bank charges us for not getting an account here in MO so we always get cash at the grocery store. Well he grabbed the keys and started to go so I volunteered to go on my bike (hint, hint) if he wanted to take over lunch-making duties. He declined.
Owen came downstairs and wanted to know where dad was and I told on him. "HE DROVE? That's stupid" Yeah, well.....
So when Tony returned I asked him if he felt dirty. Our car wouldn't have budged in over a week if it weren't for him. He looked sheepish and mumbled something about it seeming so cold outside and being a wimp. But then he came around and said it WAS stupid and that he did, in fact, feel dirty.
Now, if only the rest of America could be cowed so easily progress could be realized. It IS shameful to get in one's car to drive less than a mile. Everyone should feel it. This global warming thing ain't a hoax people. It's not some ploy of the liberal media to dupe you republicans just for kicks. If everyone changes their habits just a little it may start to make a difference. Please.
Thursday, September 20, 2007
Committed, as it pertains to commuting.
Commit, according to http://www.dictionary.com/: #4. to bind or obligate, as by pledge or assurance As in, "I am a committed cycling commuter and I feel good."
or is it....
#8. to place in a mental institution or hospital by or as if by legal authority As in, "She ought to be committed, dragging her kid around like that in this downpour!"
When we came back to St Louis we decided that we would commit ourselves to weekday travel via any means other than our car; our options being mt. bike, scooter, feet, tandem, train. So far, being committed does not feel too challenging. It is only September, which feels like July in Idaho, except for the humidity and possibility of copious quantities of rain. Our daily commute to school is a minimum of 6 miles on bike per day for Owen and 20 for me. I ride home from his school and save myself the $2 train ticket. With all the other places I went, last week I managed 135 miles on my mountain bike...and we played hooky from school one day since cousin Alaina was in town.....and I picked Owen up in the car one afternoon because I was babysitting baby Lilly. This week I had to go out of town 2 days so I won't be breaking my record and will be lucky to get much over 100 miles.
The thing is, it does not feel like a big deal. In fact it greatly reduces a number of stresses in my life. I am a nut case in traffic jams and the drive to Owen's school is the worst, due to construction. I don't have to stress about not getting exercise because it is exercise; although it lacks the drudgery of exercise. It gives my day a rhythm it is sorely lacking without employment. Plus I spend a lot less money. Train tickets to school are running us about $30/wk. This is equivalent to what I would spend on gas if I ONLY drove to and from school. But when I am behind the wheel of a car I am likely to get distracted and pull into a coffee shop, Wild Oats, the bookstore or any other place that wants to separate me from my cash.
Will we continue through the winter? I say yes and Owen says no. "There is no bad weather, just bad clothing choices.", I tell him. It remains to be seen, I suppose.
Commuting to the climbing gym
or is it....
#8. to place in a mental institution or hospital by or as if by legal authority As in, "She ought to be committed, dragging her kid around like that in this downpour!"
When we came back to St Louis we decided that we would commit ourselves to weekday travel via any means other than our car; our options being mt. bike, scooter, feet, tandem, train. So far, being committed does not feel too challenging. It is only September, which feels like July in Idaho, except for the humidity and possibility of copious quantities of rain. Our daily commute to school is a minimum of 6 miles on bike per day for Owen and 20 for me. I ride home from his school and save myself the $2 train ticket. With all the other places I went, last week I managed 135 miles on my mountain bike...and we played hooky from school one day since cousin Alaina was in town.....and I picked Owen up in the car one afternoon because I was babysitting baby Lilly. This week I had to go out of town 2 days so I won't be breaking my record and will be lucky to get much over 100 miles.
The thing is, it does not feel like a big deal. In fact it greatly reduces a number of stresses in my life. I am a nut case in traffic jams and the drive to Owen's school is the worst, due to construction. I don't have to stress about not getting exercise because it is exercise; although it lacks the drudgery of exercise. It gives my day a rhythm it is sorely lacking without employment. Plus I spend a lot less money. Train tickets to school are running us about $30/wk. This is equivalent to what I would spend on gas if I ONLY drove to and from school. But when I am behind the wheel of a car I am likely to get distracted and pull into a coffee shop, Wild Oats, the bookstore or any other place that wants to separate me from my cash.
Will we continue through the winter? I say yes and Owen says no. "There is no bad weather, just bad clothing choices.", I tell him. It remains to be seen, I suppose.
Commuting to the climbing gym
Wednesday, September 12, 2007
Living a Sustainable Lifestyle: dichotomy in action
So, my best friend in Idaho went and got herself a Prius. Man is it sexy. I have wanted one for years. I am wondering if all covetous feelings register on the sin-scale or just those of a husbandly nature?
The first year the Prius came to market we could have gotten one since we were in the market for a car. The technology was pretty new and we deemed it risky. We tend to drive our cars until their last gasp and hybrids were still such a novel concept. Instead we got the orange box, a.k.a. Honda Element, a.k.a tent on wheels. The fuel efficiency for this small car is pathetic, largely due to the complete absence of any aerodynamics.
So here I am, this eco-chic, not driving an eco-car. I love the term Heather (aforementioned Prius owner) gave this state of affairs: eco-inconsistency. And in fact, we ARE all guilty. Don't EVEN try to deny it. You know it is true.
And it is pretty ironic that Heather brought up this subject of sustainability on her blog http://living-idaho.blogspot.com/ when she did because I had just that very day been dumped by a friend of 20 years for my eco-inconsistency. This friend can "no longer respect me". Her words , paraphrased. My transgression, you ask. Being seen in a Walmart parking lot? McDonald's ketchup packets in my car? No!.......My penchant for Whole Foods Market! It would be laughable if it weren't so tragic.
Now she does have a valid viewpoint in not liking Whole Foods , don't get me wrong. Whole Foods has become a corporate giant, of the type it use to love to hate. She is herself a small scale organic farmer and Whole Foods does affect her as a small business owner and grower of that which is deliciously organic. Whole Foods is formidable competition with an unfair advantage. And this is just one of their many offenses. There are blogs and websites that devote much cyber space to the subject of hating Whole Foods. This is one of my favorite:
http://veganfreaks.org/index.php?id=159
Knowing all this and yet I still partake. Why? Well, I don't really know. I still like it. I love the variety. I love the cheeses and preserves and coffee. Things I surely can't get in Idaho. So farI have found no locally owned business that has all this in a one-stop-shop experience.
Or perhaps I am nostalgic for the years I lived in Austin and shopped at the ORIGINAL, VERY FIRST Whole Foods. It was sooooo Austin-tatious. Many of you probably thought Whole Foods is a California thing when in fact it is a Texas thing.
Fast forward two decades. Same store, yet so very different. The snob factor is way high. No freaking bike rack out front. I bet I am the ONLY patron in St Louis to fight 6 miles of horrendous traffic on my bike to shop there. I have a very non-altruistic motive for arriving on bike. You see my Burley trailer limits how much I can spend at this over-priced Walmart of "organic" supermarkets. ( I put organic in quotes because of course we really don't know if this stuff is truly organic) I have very little self control and I can't really afford to shop there to begin with, you know. I suppose step 1 is admitting I have a problem, eh?
Being a human being, especially an American human being, and living a sustainable lifestyle is a dichotomy. The more cynical of you would refer to it as an oxymoron, an impossibility, a logical fallacy. Each person born is a mega consumer of the earth's natural resources. It is with this knowledge that my sister greets the news of a friend or relative's pregnancy with a plastered smiled and a comment such as, "Oh, wow.". Those of us who know her well realize that this smile is, in fact, a grimace. Good thing my kids, all two of them, are cute or she may not allow them in her house.
So my point is, we are all hypocrites to a certain extent. How can I advocate sustainability yet bear two children, choose to live in a place like Idaho where a car-free existence in nearly impossible, drive a Honda Element AND shop at Whole Foods? Yet how can my friend (oh yeah, ex-friend) get all high, mighty and self righteous and proclaim that she can not respect me when she is the very same person who for 5 years collected every Made in China, Happy Meal toy to give to my son and would not think twice about getting in her car to drive a couple miles to a convenient store for a pack of smokes? Hello?! Smells a lot like the ultimate hypocrisy, don't ya think.
It is sad though. Sad that someone has such a narrow parameter for friendship that it can neither accommodate intellectual debate on such matters nor tolerate divergence of opinion. She can drive, smoke and visit China all she wants and I can still respect her. But alas, she has taken her toys and gone home. It is her way or the highway.
Now...... if only I owned a Prius I could smugly drive that highway off into the sunset of our friendship while maximizing fuel efficiency.
The first year the Prius came to market we could have gotten one since we were in the market for a car. The technology was pretty new and we deemed it risky. We tend to drive our cars until their last gasp and hybrids were still such a novel concept. Instead we got the orange box, a.k.a. Honda Element, a.k.a tent on wheels. The fuel efficiency for this small car is pathetic, largely due to the complete absence of any aerodynamics.
So here I am, this eco-chic, not driving an eco-car. I love the term Heather (aforementioned Prius owner) gave this state of affairs: eco-inconsistency. And in fact, we ARE all guilty. Don't EVEN try to deny it. You know it is true.
And it is pretty ironic that Heather brought up this subject of sustainability on her blog http://living-idaho.blogspot.com/ when she did because I had just that very day been dumped by a friend of 20 years for my eco-inconsistency. This friend can "no longer respect me". Her words , paraphrased. My transgression, you ask. Being seen in a Walmart parking lot? McDonald's ketchup packets in my car? No!.......My penchant for Whole Foods Market! It would be laughable if it weren't so tragic.
Now she does have a valid viewpoint in not liking Whole Foods , don't get me wrong. Whole Foods has become a corporate giant, of the type it use to love to hate. She is herself a small scale organic farmer and Whole Foods does affect her as a small business owner and grower of that which is deliciously organic. Whole Foods is formidable competition with an unfair advantage. And this is just one of their many offenses. There are blogs and websites that devote much cyber space to the subject of hating Whole Foods. This is one of my favorite:
http://veganfreaks.org/index.php?id=159
Knowing all this and yet I still partake. Why? Well, I don't really know. I still like it. I love the variety. I love the cheeses and preserves and coffee. Things I surely can't get in Idaho. So farI have found no locally owned business that has all this in a one-stop-shop experience.
Or perhaps I am nostalgic for the years I lived in Austin and shopped at the ORIGINAL, VERY FIRST Whole Foods. It was sooooo Austin-tatious. Many of you probably thought Whole Foods is a California thing when in fact it is a Texas thing.
Fast forward two decades. Same store, yet so very different. The snob factor is way high. No freaking bike rack out front. I bet I am the ONLY patron in St Louis to fight 6 miles of horrendous traffic on my bike to shop there. I have a very non-altruistic motive for arriving on bike. You see my Burley trailer limits how much I can spend at this over-priced Walmart of "organic" supermarkets. ( I put organic in quotes because of course we really don't know if this stuff is truly organic) I have very little self control and I can't really afford to shop there to begin with, you know. I suppose step 1 is admitting I have a problem, eh?
Being a human being, especially an American human being, and living a sustainable lifestyle is a dichotomy. The more cynical of you would refer to it as an oxymoron, an impossibility, a logical fallacy. Each person born is a mega consumer of the earth's natural resources. It is with this knowledge that my sister greets the news of a friend or relative's pregnancy with a plastered smiled and a comment such as, "Oh, wow.". Those of us who know her well realize that this smile is, in fact, a grimace. Good thing my kids, all two of them, are cute or she may not allow them in her house.
So my point is, we are all hypocrites to a certain extent. How can I advocate sustainability yet bear two children, choose to live in a place like Idaho where a car-free existence in nearly impossible, drive a Honda Element AND shop at Whole Foods? Yet how can my friend (oh yeah, ex-friend) get all high, mighty and self righteous and proclaim that she can not respect me when she is the very same person who for 5 years collected every Made in China, Happy Meal toy to give to my son and would not think twice about getting in her car to drive a couple miles to a convenient store for a pack of smokes? Hello?! Smells a lot like the ultimate hypocrisy, don't ya think.
It is sad though. Sad that someone has such a narrow parameter for friendship that it can neither accommodate intellectual debate on such matters nor tolerate divergence of opinion. She can drive, smoke and visit China all she wants and I can still respect her. But alas, she has taken her toys and gone home. It is her way or the highway.
Now...... if only I owned a Prius I could smugly drive that highway off into the sunset of our friendship while maximizing fuel efficiency.
Monday, September 3, 2007
Leaving Home: St Louis, MO bound, 1,400ish miles
23 -26, August, 2007
There was a while there that I considered staying with Owen in Idaho and sending Tony on his merry way as a solo agent. But then I reconsidered. Yes I do love Idaho and out west. Yes I will miss yet another ski season and snow in general. But I also love my husband and, dang, we actually had a great time last year. Plus, there is something that feels very homey about the mid-west. Oh yeah, I am FROM the mid-west. That explains it. But I do hate the traffic and the crowds and the bugs and the heat and no mountains or snow. And I do love the ethnic food and the neighbors and the school and Whole Foods and the diversity and culture. I am NOT a city girl but all in all I love St. Louis. Besides, I have always told myself I could live anywhere for a few years....except D.C and New Jersey. I have to draw the line somewhere.
Our trip over was a good omen, lot-o-fun. We stopped to check out the Big Kahuna and Lunch Counter rapids along the Snake River, a kayaking goal for next summer.....
Checked out the trains in Laramie........
Stop at Doug's favorite brewery in Fort Collins, where he not-so-secretly wants to work upon completion of his PhD program......
We got to see the Guinness Book of World Record's Largest ball of twine and sleep under a full
moon along the shore of a beautiful lake in Kansas.........
And visited the quaint, historic town town of Rocheport, MO and breakfasted at its General Store....
Our final night marked my 30th night of camping this summer and Owen and Nellie's 28th. But now that I am back in the mid-west I imagine we will be spending more nights in our beds and less out of doors. Too bad.
So now what am I going to write about? Anywhere in the midwest the adventurous stuff tends to be a bit more tame and urbane but not all together impossible to find. It just takes a little more effort to uncover.
I guess I will concentrate on the sustainability aspect of our lives. Actually it is easier to live a sustainable lifestyle here since there is a culture that supports this way of thinking. Yeah, I have still managed to relocate to another red state but it is only red due to the large rural component. The urban areas of Missouri are decidedly blue, thank the lord. Here in University City we have mandatory recycling, two depots for the light rail system, a great bus system, a 3 day weekly farmer's market, an independent film tivoli, no big box stores and very few franchises, a thriving and vibrant historic district filled with locally-owned businesses and of course the Washington University contribution of a liberal student populous.
Not bad, but it does not make up for the lack of moose-sighting potential or elevation differential.
There was a while there that I considered staying with Owen in Idaho and sending Tony on his merry way as a solo agent. But then I reconsidered. Yes I do love Idaho and out west. Yes I will miss yet another ski season and snow in general. But I also love my husband and, dang, we actually had a great time last year. Plus, there is something that feels very homey about the mid-west. Oh yeah, I am FROM the mid-west. That explains it. But I do hate the traffic and the crowds and the bugs and the heat and no mountains or snow. And I do love the ethnic food and the neighbors and the school and Whole Foods and the diversity and culture. I am NOT a city girl but all in all I love St. Louis. Besides, I have always told myself I could live anywhere for a few years....except D.C and New Jersey. I have to draw the line somewhere.
Our trip over was a good omen, lot-o-fun. We stopped to check out the Big Kahuna and Lunch Counter rapids along the Snake River, a kayaking goal for next summer.....
Checked out the trains in Laramie........
Stop at Doug's favorite brewery in Fort Collins, where he not-so-secretly wants to work upon completion of his PhD program......
We got to see the Guinness Book of World Record's Largest ball of twine and sleep under a full
moon along the shore of a beautiful lake in Kansas.........
And visited the quaint, historic town town of Rocheport, MO and breakfasted at its General Store....
Our final night marked my 30th night of camping this summer and Owen and Nellie's 28th. But now that I am back in the mid-west I imagine we will be spending more nights in our beds and less out of doors. Too bad.
So now what am I going to write about? Anywhere in the midwest the adventurous stuff tends to be a bit more tame and urbane but not all together impossible to find. It just takes a little more effort to uncover.
I guess I will concentrate on the sustainability aspect of our lives. Actually it is easier to live a sustainable lifestyle here since there is a culture that supports this way of thinking. Yeah, I have still managed to relocate to another red state but it is only red due to the large rural component. The urban areas of Missouri are decidedly blue, thank the lord. Here in University City we have mandatory recycling, two depots for the light rail system, a great bus system, a 3 day weekly farmer's market, an independent film tivoli, no big box stores and very few franchises, a thriving and vibrant historic district filled with locally-owned businesses and of course the Washington University contribution of a liberal student populous.
Not bad, but it does not make up for the lack of moose-sighting potential or elevation differential.
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